Hematological and Biochemical Effects of Total Intravenous Anaesthesia of Ketamine, Propofol and their Combinations in Mixed-Breed Dogs

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of ketamine, propofol, and their combinations administered using total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) on hematological and biochemical indices in mixed-breed dogs. Ten adult dogs were given five different treatments in a repeated crossover experiment. Treatments were ketamine (KK) and propofol (PP) individually, and as a combination in 1:1 (KP1), 1:2 (KP2), and 1:3 (KP3) ketamine-to-propofol ratios. No statistically significant differences were observed in lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, RBC, HCT, Hb, BUN, or creatinine levels among the five protocols, and lymphocyte, monocyte, and HCT values within protocols over 60 minutes. Statistical differences among protocols were noted in WBC (p=0.002), ALT (p=0.047), and AST (p=0.012). Within protocols, when pre-induction values were compared to post-induction, there was a significant decrease in WBC in KP3 at 30^th (p=0.009) and 60^th (p=0.033) minutes. A significant decrease in Hb in KP3 at the 60^th minute (p=0.049) and a significant increase in neutrophil count in KP2 post-induction (p=0.041). Creatinine concentration significantly increased from the 30^th to 60^th minute (p<0.001).  All other changes within groups were not statistically significant, but there was a general increase in BUN and a decrease in WBC, monocytes, RBC, HCT, Hb, and AST in all groups post-induction. Due to the decrease in red blood cell counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration observed in all groups, it is imperative to diligently monitor animals, especially those that are immunocompromised, and ensure a patent airway when ketamine, propofol, or ketamine + propofol TIVA protocols are to be used.